Amila Karunarathna - MBA- London Metropolitan University- (HR)

  The success of any organization depends on its employees. Good and harmonious relationships between employers and employees (Industrial Relations) are vital to existence, stability and growth of any organization. As per the  Edwards (2003) any practices, processes, procedures and channels of communication maintained or practiced between employers and employees (represented by trade unions) in order to have cordial relationship among the parties. The three main parties involved in the IRs have conflicting interests. EMPLOYER - Wants higher profits on his investments EMPLOYEE - Wants more wages and better conditions of work/life GOVERNMENT - Wants Industry to provide more employment and receive bigger income as taxation to provide services to the general public. Role of the government on Industrial Relations: (A) By Enforcement of Labour Laws (Control/Protecting Role): 1)       Industrial Dispute Act (# 43 of 1950) 2)   ...

  What is Performance Management? Performance management can be defined as “a strategic and integrated approach to delivering sustained success to organizations by improving the performance of the people who work in them and by developing the capabilities of teams and contributors” (Armstrong, 2004) Performance Appraisal Techniques ·          Graphic Rating Scale - Rates employees on a fixed scale as per the qualities they are required to possess. The final score obtained classifies employees into various tiers and helps in their performance evaluation at the end of the year. ·          Essay Performance Appraisal Method – This is a qualitative technique and not a quantitative technique. This includes detailed performance description of employees since practicality of this method is less. ·          Checklist Scale –  C hecklist will be given acco...

  Technology has reached greater heights, to an extent during the past decade that modern business processes are far faster & efficient with the use of modern technology compared to the time that they were manually operated. Human Resource Management System (HRMS) When organizations grow, they find it difficult to manage with the traditional manual methods as it eats into a lot of valuable management time. It is at this stage that most small to medium size firms begin to computerize their individual HR tasks.  There are many sources of help available. There are vendors who provide software solutions for virtually all HR tasks including: ·          Compensation management ·          Payroll management ·          Time & attendance systems ·          Computerized performance appraisal systems · ...

  As most of the women have to perform dual roles in family and work place, due to several reasons they are unable to fulfill their responsibilities properly. This has affected to their career development ultimately. Work-life balance has always been a concern of those interested in the quality of working life and its relation to broader quality of life. Greenhaus and Beutel (l985), wrote one of the earliest theoretical articles on work-family conflict. They defined work-family conflict as a type of inter-role conflict where work and family roles are incompatible and seen as competing for an individual’s time, energy, and behaviors on and off the job. Career development of men and women was equally affected by family to work conflict. Understanding the type, direction, and source of the conflict can help organizations and managers design appropriate workplace interventions to support work-family balance ( Buddapriya, 2009) . The main differentiating supporting factor for profe...

According to Bolton, (2002) “Welfare is the physical and mental well-being of employees, and the provision of help for those in need of assistance. Welfare embraces: physical working conditions, such as hygiene, sanitation, temperature, humidity, ventilation, lighting, physical comfort, and refreshments; occupational health or wellness promotion; counseling and advice on personal problems and working time, covering matters.” According to Davar (1992) “Welfare is the voluntary efforts of the employers to establish, with is the existing industrial system, working and sometimes living and cultural conditions of employees beyond what is required by law, the customs of the industry and the condition of market.” Categories of Welfare                                            ...

  “Outsourcing is a form of predetermined external provision with another enterprise for the delivery of goods and services that could previously been offered in- house” (Rajabzadeh et al., 2007). Other highlighted term among definition is “non-core activity” aspect. According to the Burnes and Anastasiadis (2003) core competencies and core activities should not be outsourced. Why do organizations move toward outsourcing? Outsourcing accompanies number of benefits to organizations which use it as a strategy in performing operations. ·          To reduce and control cost ·          To exploit the assumed economies of scale and scope offered by the outsourcing vendors. ·          To improve the management’s focus on core competencies. ·          To improve certain institutional aspects such as structure of organiza...

  According to the Fuller et.al. (2008), motivation is something that energized individuals to take actions and make choices according to his or her goals. This includes personal, as well as professional goals and targets Motivated employees are needed rapidly changing workplaces. Because they have new energy to work for their organization. Techniques To Increase Motivation There are several techniques for increasing employee motivation. 1 Management by Objectives (Mob) Management by Objectives (MOB) is a motivation technique in which managers and employees collaborate in setting goals. It is effective because management involvement reflects the mission of the organization. It motivates employees to get more involved in their jobs and in the organization as a whole. MBO clarifies the roles of the employees that are expected to reach organizational goals and allows them to participate and therefore motivation is increased. 2 Job Enrichment Job enrichment is another met...

  There are tremendous number of theories found on this topic and followings are some of most important theories. 1 Expectancy theory Victor H. Vroom has proposed through the expectancy theory of motivation that humans expend effort at a given level having considered three main issues: ·          Effort performance Expectancy ·          Performance Outcome Expectancy ·          Valence   Lyman and Edward, (1990) expanded the basic expectancy theory, based on their argument that performance can lead to satisfaction through, the reward process, rather than satisfaction leading to performance enhancement and proposed their expanded expectancy theory.           2 Need Hierarchy Theory Abraham Maslow defined that people are motivated to perform any task in order to satisfy some form of needs. He arranged these needs i...